Passenger vehicle



Aug. 5, 1941.

F. R. FAGEOL' ET AL PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 Invenors fran/f A. Fayeo/ W/Y//am fcyeo/ v Mme/ s# www Slim/nuff Aug 5, 1941- F. R. FAGx-:oL ErAL 2,251,584

PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 5, 1941. F. R. FAGEOL ET A1. 2,251,584

PAssENER VEHICLE f Filed May 25, .1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 3 ff; Ven fors U8 5 1941. F. R. FAGEol. E-rm. 2,251,584

PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 In ven fom u: @EN s2 F. R. FAGEOL E-rAl. 2,251,584

PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 l2 Sheets-Sheet 6 Aug. 5, 1941.

All@ 5 1941- F. R. FAGEoL ETAL 2,251,584

PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet '7 juve/www J5 lg- -75 Fran/f A9. Fayeo/ /l//Y//am 9. Fayeo/ MM QLMWW All@ 5, 1941 F. R. FAGEoL. ETAL 2,251,584

PAS SENGER VEHI CLE f-T- g 5 7 Mmc/2 s ZW Hom ufr Aug. 5,` 1941.

F. R. FAGEOL ETAL PAS SENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1958 12 Sheets-Sheet 9 Aug. 5, 1941. F. R. FAGEOL l-:T AL 2,251,584

' PASSENGERk VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 l2 Sheets-Sheet l0 Fry. El F 57.55.

Aug- 5 1941- F. R. FAGEoL E-r Al. 2,251,584 I PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, '1938 12 Sheets-Sheet l1 Aug 5, 1941- F. R. FAGEol. ETAL 2,251,584

PASSENGER VEHICLE Filed May 25, 1938 l2 Sheets-Sheet l2 PASSENGER VEHICLE Frank R. Fageol and William B. Fageol, Kent, Ohio, assignors to Twin Coach Company, Kent, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application May 25, 193s, serial' No. 210,030

(c1. 28o-a3) 17 Claims.

This invention relates to trackless vehicles and is more particularly concerned with large capacity passenger carrying vehicles for mass transportation.

Street cars, and other mass transportation vehicles which operate on tracks, are now being rapidly replaced by trackless vehicles, such as coaches or buses in. many well populated and municipal areas. These coaches are not only more economical in initial cost and operation, but they are much more adaptable to present day trafc conditions and can be routed at will through city streets.

Recent improvements in these coaches have developed them vconsiderably until today they give comfortable, speedy mass transportation which is not ordinarily obtainable in street cars. However, due to congested trac conditions and the limitations imposed by narrow, rough and poorly designed city streets, most of the coaches now in use, especially in transit systems in well populated areas, have relatively small passenger carrying capacities as compared with the street cars.

In recognition of these disadvantages in prior coaches, it is-a major object of this invention to provide a novel trackless passenger carrying vehicle which will accommodate 'at least approximately as many passengers as the ordinary street car, and which can be maneuvered in substantially the same driving range as the smaller coaches now in general use. In specic attainment of this object, We provide a laterally rigid `@ng vehicle having steering wheels at the front and rear and one or more intermediate drive axle arrangements, which vehicle is articulated or jointed only to insure proper traction.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel large capacity passenger carrying nnach whose body is constructed in sections 'nged together so as to be capable of bending or exing about a horizontal transverse axis, but is maintained rigidly against bending or fiexing in any other manner, the arrangement providing space Within the bendable body pertling free unobstructed movement of passenfrers from one end or section of the body to the other. In the specific attainment of this object, we provide a pair of hinged chassis sections for supporting the body which consists in tWo sections having completely open ends united by a iiexible joint disposed above the chassis hinge connection.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel elongated vehicle having a jointed body through which a substantially continuous passage oor and aisle extends from one end of the vehicle to the other.

It is a further object of this invention to provide novel floor structure in a jointed vehicle body wherein spaced rigid floor portions of the body are permitted to freely move relatively to each other during bending of the body without binding or causing an open space in the floor between the floor portions. In specific attainment of this object, the space between separate rigid floor portions is provided With a strip or strips of suitable resilient m-aterial, such as hollow rubber tubing, which will expand or contract to maintain Ia closed joint between the adjacent edges of the rigid iioor portions during all phases of bending of the body.

A further object of this invention is to provide a flexible vehicle chassis having novel hinge arrangements which permit lexure of the chassis about a horizontal transverse axis, but maintain the chassis against flexure in all other directions.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a large capacity sectional passenger carrying coach having novel seating, passage and door arrangements, which are especially designed to permit free movement of passengers from and to end within the body, and in which the driver has an unobstructed view of all of the doors, the through aisle, and the entire space within the several vehicle sections, while he is seated in driving position. To this end, the seats are scientifically Iarranged to afford Wide passage spaces wherever standing passengers tend to accumulate, and the exit door or doors are carefully placed and located centrally with respect to most of the passengers Within the body.

A further object of our invention is to provide a novel drive axle spring suspension unit pivoted intermediate the ends of a two-section articulated chassis, the pivot for this spring suspension unit being arranged with its axis in the same vertical plane as the pivotal axis of the chassis.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a vehicle, having an articulated passenger carrying body supported by forwardly and rearwardly disposed dirigible wheels and intermediate driven Wheels, the axle or axles carrying the driven wheels being connected to the articulated body by a spring suspension related to the axis of articulation between the body sections in such la way as to maintain maximum traction regardless of the degree of flexure of the body.

This invention also aims to provide a multiwheel passenger carrying vehicle, including a pair of centrally disposed axles carrying driven wheels and forwardly and rearwardly disposed axles supported by dirigible wheels, in which the pair of intermediate axles are connected together by a spring suspension that is pivoted to the body for swinging movement about an axis disposed in the plane of the axis of articulation of the body, whereby movement of the body sections has no effect upon the distribution of the load on the driven wheels and on the traction obtainable therefrom.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an elongated articulated passengercarrying vehicle, that is driven by wheels arranged adjacent the axis of articulation of the vehicle body, and that includes mechanism to drive the wheels so related with respect to the axis of articulation of the body that the driving of the wheels is entirely unaffected by relative shifting of the sections of the body with respect to said axis.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved passenger carrying vehicle body consisting in two open-ended sections hingedly united at the noor line, and including iiexible side wall and roof portions, above the hinged joint, permitting elongation or `contrac- -tion of the body above said hinge.

This invention also aims to provide a large capacity passenger carrying vehicle consisting, in eifect, of two open-ended passenger carrying bodies hingedly connected together for articulated movement about a horizontal axis disposed adjacent the floor line of the bodies, which bodies are supported at the point of articulated connection upon driven axles connected together by a spring suspension secured to the body below the point of articulation, so that the axles may be driven independently by mechanism supported by the several sections without interference upon relative movement of the body sections and the mechanism carried thereby.

A further object of our invention is to provide novel steering arrangements for steering the front and rear wheels supporting separate chassis sections in the vehicles of our` invention, power steering controls being preferably used as boosters to aid manual operation of the steering controls.

A further object of our invention is to provide a novel steering linkage for a jointed vehicle. Specifically the steering rod extending to the rear steering wheels is articulated and supported upon roller guide means adjacent opposite ends of the vehicle.

A further object of our invention is to provide a novel articulated chassis in which the separate drive axles of a multi-wheel suspension drive axle unit, pivotally connected to the chassis, are `driven from separate motors rigidly secured to the separate relatively movable chassis sections and include a novel torque resisting arrangement between the drive axles and the chassis sections.

Still a further object of this invention is to provide a novel flexible passenger vehicle body having'portions of the roof and sides over the axis of articulation constructed of freely yieldable material permitting substantial contraction and expansion of the body longitudinally above the floor line as articulation occurs.

Further objects of our invention will presently appear as the description proceeds in connection with the appended claims and the annexed drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a trackless trolley coach which is exible intermediate its ends about a transverse axis and provided with a drive axle supporting truck which is pivoted about an axis lying in the saine vertical plane as the axis of flexure of the coach;

Figure 2 is a plan view, partly in section and partially diagrammatic, illustrating the seating, passage and door arrangements within the body of the coach of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side elevation of an elongated motor coach comprising a further embodiment of our invention wherein a single drive axle whose axis lies in a pla-ne spaced from the axis of flexure of the coach is provided;

Figure 4 is a plan view, in section and partially diagrammatic, illustrating the rear motor drive and the chassis hinges of the coach of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a side elevation partly in section of another embodiment of our invention with the coach body removed to show the chassis arrangements wherein the multi-wheel drive unit is pivoted about the pivot axis of the chassis sections;

Figure 6 is a top plan view of the chassis of Figure 5 illustrating the gasor Diesel-electric drive arrangements and the structure of the chassis pivot;

Figure 'l is a side elevation of a vehicle comprising another embodiment of our invention which is flexible about an axis lying in the same vertical plane as the axis of a single drive axle. This vehicle is provided with a forwardly disposed motor and is designed especially for short trips;

Figure 8 is a top plan view, partly in section and partially diagrammatic, of the vehicle of Figure 7 illustrating the seating, passage and drive arrangements;

Figure 9 is a front end elevation of the vehicle of Figure '7 illustratingV the outwardly facing seating arrangements;

Figure 10 is an end View partly in section along line lil-ll) in Figure '7 and partially diagrammatic, further illustrating the seating and passing arrangements;

Figures ll, 11A and 11B, joined along lines A-A and B-B, combine to form a plan view of a complete chassis and body base frame construction made according to the principles of the invention;

Figure l2 is a side elevation of a form of chassis hinge used on vehicles of our invention of the design shown in Figure 11 looking from top to bottom in Figure 1l;

Figure 13 is a top plan view of the chassis hinge arrangements of Figure 12 and further illustrating the torque members;

Figure 14 is an enlarged top plan view of one of the chassis hinges of Figure 12;

Figure 15 is a side elevation of the chassis hinge of Figure 14 illustrating further the spring and multi-wheel suspension unit pivot;

Figure 16 is a section taken along line lli-I6 in Figure 15 illustrating further the chassis and spring suspension pivots;

Figure 17 is a plan View of a portion of a chassis similar to the chassis of Figure 11 and illustrating the steering arrangements;

Figure 18 is a side elevation partly in section further illustrating the steering arrangements shown inFi'gure 17;

Figure'19 is a section taken along line l9--I9 in Figure 17 illustrating the steering rock shaft mounting;

Figure 20 is an enlarged fragmentary plan View of a portion of the front end of the chassis of Figure 19 illustrating further the steering arrangements;

Figure 21 is a side elevation partly in section of the apparatus of Figure 20;

Figure 22 is a fragmentary end view of a portion of the steering mechanism of Figure 20 illustrating especially the steering booster support;

Figure 23 is an end elevation partly in section illustrating the main steering control link at the bottom of the steering post;

Figure 24 is a fragmentary top plan View of one form of flexible joint used in the floor in the body of any of the vehicles of our invention including those illustrated in Figures 1-10 Figure 25 is a section taken along line 25-25 of Figure 24 illustrating the shape of the resilient floor portion, with the rigid floor portions level;

Figure 26 is a section similar to Figure 25 illustrating expansion of resilient fioor members when the rigid floor portions are relatively separated;

Figure 27 is a section similar to Figure 25 illustrating compression of the resilient floor member when the rigid iloor portions are relatively moved toward each other during bending of the body;

Figure 28 is a fragmentary top plan view of another form of flexible joint which may be used in the body floor of the vehicles of our invention;

Figure 29 is a section taken along line 29--29 of Figure 28 illustrating the cooperation of the separate resilient members of the joint when the rigid floor sections are level and in normal position;

Figure 30 is a section similar to Figure 29 illustrating expansion of the joint during one phase of relative movement between the joint members;

Figure 31 is a section similar to Figure 29 illustrating compressions of the joint during another phase of relative movement between the joint members;

Figure 32 is a section through a portion of a body floor illustrating another type of hollow resilient joint member which may be used in any of the vehicles of our invention;

Figure 33 is a side elevation illustrating a preferred form of flexible body joint used in vehicles of our invention;

Figure 34 is a plan view of the body joint of Figure 33, only the body frame members being illustrated for the sake of clarity;

Figure 35 is an enlarged section illustrating the manner in which the iexible body section is joined to the rigid body section at either side;

Figure 36 illustrates diagrammatically the steering arrangements of our invention which enable the long vehicle to be turned about a relatively small radius;

Figure 37 illustrates diagrammatically the manner in which the body of a vehicle of our invention bends as it enters an up-grade; and

Figure 38 illustrates the vehicle of Figure 37 entering a down grade.

General chassis and body designs Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention there illustrated is a trackless road vehicle or coach of the type which derives its power from overhead trolley wires (not shown) by means of trolley I I much in the same manner as the conventional street car derives its power from an overhead trolley wire system.

The coach of Figure 1 is made up of separate aligned passenger body sections I2 and I3 interconnected by a flexible body joint generally designated at I4 and later to be described in detail. Body sections I2 and I3 extend entirely along the length of an articulated chassis which is hinged intermediate its ends upon a transverse pivot, generally designated at I5 in Figure 1, in such a manner that the chassis is rigid against lateral iiexure but is free to flex about pivot I5 as the contour of the roadway changes. The nature of this chassis pivot will be fully described later. Since the body sections I2 and I3 are rigidly secured to separate hinged chassis sections, the body flexes about the transverse pivot I5 with the separate body sections following the relative movements of the chassis sections.

The chassis is preferably supported by front wheels I6, rear wheels I'I and an intermediate multi-wheel drive suspension unit I8 pivotally connected to the chassis at I9. As shown in Figure 1 the axis of the multi-wheel drive suspension unit I8 preferably lies in the same vertical plane as the axis of the transverse chassis pivot I5. This arrangement distributes the load equally among the wheels of the driving axles. Suspension unit I8 and its connection with the chassis will be described in detail later. Wheels I6 and I'I are arranged upon their respective axles so that they constitute steering wheels and are controlled by steering control 2| in front of the drivers seat 22. Electric motors for driving the wheels of suspension I8 are not shown since they do not constitute part of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 2, the flexible body extends over the wheels; and wheel housings 23, 24 and 25 are provided for housing wheels I6 and I1 and the suspension unit I8, respectively. The body is provided with a front side door 26 and a rearwardly disposed door 21 on the same side. Doors 26 and 21 are preferably entrance and exit doors, respectively, and are located in predetermined positions as will later be described.

Directly above each wheel housing 25 is a floor 29 having a exible section 30. The opposite ends of floor 29 are secured to separate body sections I2 and I3. A ceiling wall 3I having a flexible section 32 is disposed at ceiling level between the body sections above each oor 29. A storage compartment 33 is built between those body seats which are disposed on opposite sides of the body joint as shown in Figure 2. Suitable panel means 34 prevent passengers from entering the space between those seats. Members 29 and 3I form the bottom and top walls, respectively, of compartments 33. A suitable resilient floor joint, designated at 35 and later to be described in detail, is provided in passage 28 between the rigid floor portions of the separate body sections. The outer walls of compartments 33 are defined by suitable resilient wall portions at joint I4 and will later be described.

Preferred seating arrangements for this type of coach are shown in Figure 2. All of the seats are disposed on opposite sides of the unobstructed through passage 28 which extends through both body sections substantially from one end of the coach to the other. At both ends and at the middle of the body inwardly facing seats 36 are positioned over the several wheel housings which project upwardly within the body. Not only does this arrangement provide sucient leg room for passengers on seats 36 but these inwardly facing seats proj-ect a smaller distance into passage 28 than the longitudinally facing seats 3l and thus provide maximum fioor space for standing at those places where standing passengers tend to accumulate in crowded coaches.

At the front door, which is disposed adjacent the drivers seat so that he may collect fares from entering passengers, are steps 38 and 39 leading from the curb level to the floor of passage 28. Rear exit door 27 encloses steps lll and 42 leading from curb level to the licor of passage 28 and is carefully positioned to be centrally located with respect to the passenger mass in a crowded vehicle. Such an arrangement provides for the speediest possible unloading of passengers.

The driver from his seat 22 has full vision of the entire interior of the coach along the passage 28 so that all of the passengers, the rear wall windows and the rear door 2l can be surveyed quickly from the drivers seat before starting or stopping the vehicle. A suitable mirror (not Shown) is usually provided so that the driver need not turn his head while surveying the interior of the coach.

From the above it will be seen that the coach of this invention is provided with a long flexible body having a substantially unobstructed passage for unimpeded movement of passengers from one end to the other. The doors are located for convenient and speedy passenger ingress and exit and wide passage oor spaces are provided at the doors and near the rear of the body where standing passengers tend to accumulate. The coach is especially adaptable for on-e man operation since the driver has unobstructed vision all along the through passage without moving from his seat.

Before describing the details of preferred body, floor and chassis joints a few optional arrangements of chassis and body combinations will be discussed. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a motor coach having a-motor i3 mounted at the rear end of a chassis 44 and connected to the single driving axle 45 by a suitable propeller shaft 135. Steering axles 41 and 138 are disposed at opposite ends of the chassis and are preferably equally spaced from the intermediate driving axle t5.

Coach body sections 453 and l are secured to rigid chassis sections 52 and 53, respectively, which are pivotally connected at 54 (see Figure 3). The axis of pivot 54 is preferably displaced horizontally with respect to the axis of driving axle 45. As shown in Figure 4, chassis sections 52 and 53 are preferably of the same width and are disposed with their longitudinal side members in alignment. Section 52 is provided with a pair of rigid arms 55 and 56 which are secured in any suitable manner along the outer lateral surfaces of the longitudinal chassis members and extend forwardly from chassis section 52. Arms 55 and 56 are provided with apertured lugs 57 and 58 which are aligned with apertured lugs 59 and 6|, respectively, secured to the chassis section 53. Suitable aligned pivot assemblies 6i and 62 extend through these 'apertured lugs so that chassis sections 52 and 53 are free to pivot substantially vertically about rod 62 but are held rigidly against transverse flexure. An intermediate flexible body joint 64, disposed between body sections 49 and 5I, allows the body to ex with the chassis.

In Figures 5 and 6, a motor coach having a rearwardly disposed Diesel or gasoline motor 65 drives a generator 66 which supplies power to two electric motors 61 and 68 in driving engagement with dual wheel driving axles 69 and 1I. Driving axles 69 and 'H are mounted on a spring suspension l2 which is pivoted to the chassis at '13. Front and rear axles 'M and 'l5 are provided with common control steering arrangements later to be described.

Front and rear rigid chassis sections I6 and ll, respectively, are connected by a pivot whose axis preferably coincides with axis 'I3 and lies approximately just below the floor 'l0 of the through body passage. As shown in Figure 6, the side members of rear chassis section 'l1 are provided with aligned, bifurcated, apertured lugs 'i8 and 'l which project forwardly to embrace lugs 8l and 82 secured upon the rear ends of the side members of front chassis section '16.

A suitable pivot rod 83 extends through the apertured lugs in such a manner that chassis sections 'i6 and 11 are free to ex about a transverse axis at 'H3 but are held rigidly against lateral flexure. Inwardly of the chassis side members, rod 83 is provided with enlarged cylindrical portions about which t apertured extensions 8d and 85 of the spring suspension unit 'l2 in such a manner that the suspension unit is free to rock about rod 83 as a pivot. Rod 83 may be secured to either of the chassis sections while rotatably connected to the other, or may be mounted in suitable bearings on both chassis sections so that a full floating pivot is provided at '13.

Motors El and 53 are rigidly fastened to the rear and front chassis sections Tl and 16, respectively, and are connected by suitable wiring to generator 65.

In Figures 7-10 is illustrated a motor vehicle especially designed for carrying large numbers of passengers for short trips along crowded roads extending through sight-seeing areas such as worlds fairs and the like. This type of vehicle is provided with outwardly facing seats 85 flanked by foot platforms Bil and is designed to run between passenger platform stations on the crowded roadway, the passengers paying a fare before entering the platform. The passenger platforms may be on both sides of the vehicle for speedy transfer of passengers; and for this reason, a plurality of side doors 3l, each provided with a low step 83 at platform level, are provided at each side of the vehicle. Suitable side rail sections 83 extend between each door. The doors 8l and rail sections 89 may be of any suitable construction such as wire mesh extending between pipe frames. Doors 8l are located centrally with respect to passenger mass just as in all of the other vehicles of the invention.

As shown in Figures 7 and 9 the drivers seat Si is located upon a floor 92 which is much higher than the through body floor 93. This enables the seated driver full vision over the heads of passengers inside the vehicle all along through passage 93 and enables him to drive with safety through streets crowded with pedestrians since he can see the road directly in front of him and also over the heads of the pedestrians The passenger seats are disposed at a level so that the seated passengers have full vision over the heads of pedestrians in the roadways. The roof level is preferably high enough to permit passengers standing in aisle 93 full vision along the roadway.

The body is made up of rigid sections 94 and a flexible body joint 96 of the type later to be described. Body sections 94 and 95 are preferably made up of light structural members and are secured upon rigid chassis sections 91 and 98, respectively. As shown in Figure 8 the side members of chassis section 91 are spaced further apart than the side members of chassis section 98 and extend forwardly to embrace the latter. The side members of chassis section 91 are provided with upstanding apertured lugs 99 and |0| which register with upstanding apertured lugs |02 and |03 on chassis section 98. Suitable aligned pivot pin assemblies |04 and |05 are provided for each pair of apertured lugs so that chassis sections 91 and 98 are pivotally connected for relative movement about a transverse axis but are rigidly maintained against lateral iiexure.

Chassis section 98 extends rearwardly and. downwardly at |06 to support one end of a spring |01 whose other end is also supported on chassis section 98. Spring |01 is supported on a dual Wheel driving axle |08 which is connected by propeller shaft |09 to a forwardly disposed motor directly under the drivers seat. The axis of axle |03 is spaced vertically from the chassis pivot axis but lies in the same vertical plane therewith. It will be seen that body section 95 and chassis sections 98 comprise a complete coach unit which would be operable as a small capacity vehicle if the vehicle of Figure '1 were separated at joint 96 and the chassis pivot. In fact, it is entirely within the scope of our invention to provide a detachable joint at 96 in such a vehicle.

Front and rear steering axles ||2 and H3, preferably equally spaced from driving axle |08, are provided beneath the front and rear chassis sections, respectively.

Each body section 94, 95 is preferably open all along the outer sides thereof with the exception of a few narrow roof supports ||4 and provides unobstructed vision for passengers seated in seats 86 or standing in aisle 93.

From the above it will be seen that the invention is freely applicable to practically all types and designs of passenger carrying road vehicles. Any type of motive power may be used such as gasoline, gasor Diesel-electric, straight electric, Diesel or the like. The intermediate drive unit may be of the dual axle multi-wheel type or may be of single axle design depending on the size and service required. Where a multi-wheel drive unit is used, this unit is preferably suspended about an axis lying in the same vertical plane as the chassis pivot axis but this is not essential and the multi-wheel suspension may be spaced longitudinally of the chassis pivot as desired. Use of multi-wheel suspension units increases the braking power because proportionately more ground engaging wheel surface is provided than in the conventional rigid coach. It is advisable for satisfactory operation, however, to locate the flexible body joint substantially directly above the chassis pivot axis.

Preferred chassis and body base frame construction Figures 11A, 11 and 11B joined along lines A--A and B-B cooperate to illustrate a complete chassis and body base frame designed to carry out the invention las applied to a passenger vehicle of the type employing a motor and generator combination at the rear and individual electric drive motors at each drive axle.

The chassis comprises a front section having a pair of longitudinal frame members ||5 and ||6 interconnected by a plurality of transverse chassis members ||1 and a rear section having a pair of longitudinal frame members ||8 and ||9 interconnected by transverse chassis members |2|. Frame members ||5 and ||8 are provided with aligned apertured extensions |22 and |23 at one side of the frame and frame members I6 and I9 are provided with similar aligned apertured extensions |24 and |25 -at the other side of the frame. A pivot member |26 extends through the aligned apertures in extensions |22, |23, |24 and |25. The details of this chassis pivot will be set forth later.

The chassis is supported by front and rear axles |21 and |28, each provided with steering wheels, and intermediate drive axles |29 and |3| which are mounted on a spring suspension |32 pivoted to the frame at |33 (Figure 12) as will be later explained. Electric motors |34 and |35 are securely mounted on the front and rear chassis sections, respectively, and are connected by suitable universally jointed propeller shafts to drive axles |29 and |3|. Power plant means (not shown) for supplying power to motors |34 and |35 are mounted upon platform |36 at the rear end of the chassis. Suitable torque rods, later to be described, are provided for overcoming braking and driving torque at the drive axles.

The body base frame is supported directly upon the chassis and comprises a front section having longitudinal frame members |31 and |38 which are interconnected by lateral members |39 and a rear section comprising longitudinal frame members |4| and |42 interconnected by lateral members |43. Lateral members |39 and |43 are secured to their respective longitudinal chassis members by any suitable means such as bolts, rivets or the like.

Longitudinal body members |31 and |38 are provided with upwardly arched portions |44 and |45, respectively, to extend over the wheels on front axle |21. Similar arched frame portions |46 and |41 are provided on frame members |4| and |42, respectively, to extend over the Wheels on rear axle |28. The rear ends of members |31 and |38 are provided with arched portions |48 and |49 extending over the wheels on axle |29. The front ends of members |4| and |42 are provided with arched portions |5| and |52 extending over the wheels on axle |3|. The above described arched portions may be integral with the longitudinal base frame members or may be rigidly secured thereto as by rivets.

The free ends of arched portions |48` and `|5| are pivotally connected at one end of pivot |26 While the free ends of arched portions |49 and |52 are pivotally connected at the other end of pivot I 26. Details of this connection will be given later.

Chassis pivot construction With reference to Figure 12 which illustrates the chassis pivot as viewed from the top of Figure 11, frame extension |22 is secured rigidly to the outer lateral side of longitudinal chassis member ||5 and to transverse chassis member |50 at the rear end of the front chassis section by bolts |53 or in some other suitable manner. A suitable reenforcing web |60 is bolted to the corner formed by members |50 and |l5. Extension |22 is provided with a laterally outwardly extending bearing member |54 embracing the hollow pivot rod |26. As shown in Figures I4,

15 and 16, bearing member |54 is provided with a removable bearing cap portion |55 having lateral flanges |56 and |51 which mate with lateral flanges |58 and |59, respectively, on member |54. A plurality of suitable bolt and lock nut assemblies |6| extend between anges |56 and |58 and a plurality of similar bolt and lock nut assemblies |62 extend between flanges |51 and |58 to firmly secure cap |55 upon member |54.

A suitable bearing means is provided between member |54 and cap |55 and the enclosed pivot rod |26. Rod |26 is preferably a hollow steel rod which has been hardened and ground to precise dimensions. As shown by Figure 16, suitable bearing liners |63 and |64 are secured within members |54 and |55, respectively, and t over the periphery of rod |26 in such a manner that, with cap |55 secured in place, chassis member l is rotatably connected in bearing engagement with rod |26. If desired, roller or needle bearings or any other similar bearings may be used between extension |22 and rod |26.

The outer edge of bearing member |54 is preferably machined to provide a flat surface against which lies a suitable end thrust bearing assembly |65 rotatably mounted on rod |26. Beyond bearing |65, rod |26 is externally threaded at |66 to receive a suitable lock nut and washer assembly |61 which maintains the bearing members in axial position on rod |26.

Inwardly of bearing member |54 a second thrust bearing |68 is rotatably disposed upon rod |26 between the machined end surfaces of bosses |69 and |1| on member |54 and a rod supporting member |10, respectively. Member |10 is preferably an integral part of extension |23. Extension |23 is secured to longitudinal chassis member ||8 by bolts |13 or the like and is provided with an inwardly and downwardly extending integral web |14 secured as by bolts to the end transverse member |15 of the chassis rear section. A second integral web |16 extends from extension |23 between the top surface of member |15 and the bottom surface of member 8 and is rigidly secured thereto by bolts or rivets designated at |11.

Member |10 is provided with a removable cap portion 18 having lateral flanges |19 and |8| which mate with flanges |82 and |83 on member |10. A plurality of suitable bolt and lock nut assemblies |84 extend between flanges |19 and |82 and a plurality of similar bolt and lock nut assemblies |85 extend between flanges |8| and |83. With reference to Figure 16, cap |18 is provided With a keyway |86 within which fits a key |81 which also projects into a cooperating keyway |88- formed on the surface of rod |26. When lbolts |84 and |85 are drawn tight, extension |23 is rigidly and non-rotatably secured to rod |26. Friction between the adjacent edges of exte'nsions |22 and |23 is reduced to a minimum by thrust bearing |68.

The pivot joint between frame extensions |24 and |25 at the other side of the chassis is preferably identical with the above described pivot joint between frame extensions |22 and |23, with extension |24 being rotatably journaled on the opposite side of rod |26 and extension |25 being non-rotatably secured to rod |26, and such will not be described in detail.

At opposite sides of the chassis, rod |26 is provided with projecting end portions |89 and |9| of reduced diameter to form pivot connections for the rigid body sectionsl as will be later described.

From the above it will be seen that we have provided a chassis section pivot connection which permits free relative oscillation of the chassis sections about the axis of rod |26 but is strong and rigid laterally to prevent transverse flexure of the chassis. This resistance to lateral flexure is assisted materially by the provision of large end thrust bearing areas at bearing |68. While the above form of chassis joint has been found to be very Well adapted for purposes of the invention, it will be understood that the invention is not at all restricted to the illustrated structure.

Multi-wheel drive suspension unit With reference to Figures 12, 15 and 16, cap member |18 is provided with a downwardly and inwardly extending integral ribbed hanger portion |92 having its lower end portion formedat |93 to t about a transverse shaft |94 whose axis is parallel to that of rod |26 and lies in the same vertical plane. A cap member also extends about shaft |94 and is provided with suitable lateral flanges which mate with cooperating apertured lateral flanges on hanger portion |93.

Shaft |94 is provided with a keyway 205 for receiving a key 206 which also projects into a cooperating keyway 261 in the hanger end portion |93. Cap |95 and hanger end |93 are secured together about shaft |94 in exactly the same manner as member |10 and cap |18 above described are secured together about rod |26 so that rod |26 and shaft |94 are both non-rotatably connected to hanger |92.

Laterally beyond hanger |92, shaft |94 which is preferably of hardened steel is provided With a bearing portion 208 which is preferably machined or ground to a predetermined size.

A spring support block 299 is designed at its upper end to fit about shaft portion 208 and is provided with lateral flanges |96 and |91 which mate with cooperating lateral flanges |98 and |99 integral with a suitable bearing cap member 209 which also ts about shaft portion 208 above block 209. Flanges |96 and |91 are provided with tapped holes 29| and 202 and suitable cap screw and lock washer assemblies 203 and 204 extend through the apertures in anges |98 and |99 into holes 29| and 202, respectively.

Block 209 and cap 209 are provided with suitable bearing liner assemblies 2|| and 2| I', respectively, so that when screws 203 and 204 are tightened, block 299 is rotatably journaled on shaft portion 208.

A11 end thrust bearing 2|2 is rotatably mounted on shaft portion 208 between the machined end faces of hanger 93 and block 209. A second end thrust bearing 2|3 is rotatably mounted on shaft portion 208 and held against the machined outer face of block 209 by a suitable lock nut assembly designated at 2|4 and mounted upon the threaded end portion 2|5 of shaft |94.

A spring 2| 6 of suitable strength is provided with a seat or saddle 2|1 engaging the central portion of the bottom spring leaf. Block 209 is provided with depending apertured side flanges 2|8 and 2|9 which embrace opposite sides of spring 2|6. A plurality of stud bolts 22| and 222 extend upwardly through apertured lugs 2|0 and 220 on opposite sides of saddle |1 to be received within tapped holes 223 and 224 in lugs 25 and 226, respectively, at the bottom of block 209. Opposite flanges 2|8 and 2|9 are each proed epending apertured lugs 221 and 228 which abut opposite lugs 2|0 and 220 and between which extend lateral bolt assemblies 229 and 23| for securing the spring elements against lateral displacement.

The opposite ends of spring 2|6 rest on hardened steel spring pads 232 and 233 secured as by welding to the spring end support brackets 234 and 235. Bracket 235 is rigidly secured to the axle housing |29 by means of bolts 236 and 231 which pass through suitable integral lug formations 238 and 239 on opposite sides of the axle housing and through suitable aligned apertures in bracket 235. Suitable lock washer and nut assemblies at 24| and 242 are provided at the lower end of bolts 236 and 231 and tightening of nuts 24| and 242 rigidly secures bracket 235 to the axle housing |29.

The forward end of bracket 235 is provided with an integral boss 243 having a tapered aperture for receiving rotatably a tapered pin 244 projecting from a rubber bushing (not shown) inside of boss 245 at one end of a torque rod 246. Suitable nut and cotter key arrangements at opposite ends of pin 244 prevent the pin from axial displacement with respect to bosses 243 and 245. The front end of rod 246 is provided with a boss 241, similar to boss 245, from which projects a tapered pin 248 fitting rotatably within a hollow boss 249 formed at the lower end of a depending frame bracket 25|. Bracket 25| is secured rigidly to frame member ||5 by bolts 252 or the like.

The opposite end of spring 2 i6 seats in bracket 234 which is rigidly secured to axle housing |3| by a plurality of bolts 253 and 254 passing through the bracket and lug formations 255 and 256 on opposite sides of the axle housing. Bracket 234 is provided with a hollow boss 251 for rotatably receiving a tapered pin 258 mounted in a boss 259 at the forward end of torque rod 26|. Torque rod 26| is pivotally connected to a frame bracket similar to bracket 25| but depending from frame member H8.

A spring 262 (see Figure 11) similar to spring 2|6 is suspended below the chassis hinge members |24, |25 at the opposite side of the frame and this spring 262 is mounted in the same manner as spring 2|6 above described. Torque rods 263 and 264, identical with and parallel to torque rods 246 and 26|, respectively, are provided on the same side of the frame as spring 262.

Referring to Figures 12 and 13 the housing of axle |29 is provided intermediate the spring ends with an arm 265 which is secured to the top surface thereof by a plurality of bolts 266 or the like. Arm 265 is provided with a hollow boss 261 designed to rotatably receive a tapered pin 268 extending laterally from boss 269 at the rear end of a torque rod 21|. The front end of torque rod 21| is provided with a boss 212 from which extends a tapered pin 213. A bracket 214 secured to transverse frame member |1 by bolts 215 and the like is provided with a hollow boss 216 designed to rotatably receive tapered pin 213. A similar torque rod 211 extends between an arm 218 secured to the housing of axle |3| and a transverse chassis member |2|. Rods 21| and 211 are disposed parallel to rods 246 and 26|, respectively.

The above described parallel torque rod assembly prevents rotation of the axle housings about the axis of the axles therein and furthermore transmits directly to the frame the torquing forces set up in the multi-wheel suspen- 75 sion during braking and driving land when the vehicle is being driven over an irregular roadway. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the above described design of torque resisting elements and any suitable arrangement for resisting torques in the suspension |32 may be used.

From the above it will be seen that the drive axles at |29 and |3| are connected to the chassis by a spring suspension |32 which is free to oscillate about the axis of shaft |94. 'I'he parallel torque rod sets 246, 263, 21| and 26|, 264, 211 are each connected to a separate drive axle and a separate section of the pivoted chassis so that they do not interfere with the action of the chassis pivot. Of course, the whole suspension |32 could be connected to either of the front or rear chassis sections alone but the above described arrangement has been found to be very satisfactory in practical use since it distributes the load evenly upon the wheels during all conditions of operation of the vehicle.

Steering arrangements The chassis illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 is substantially the same as the chassis of Figure 11 except that in Figure 17 the rear chassis section is journaled on rod |26 at |22 while the front chassis section is rigidly secured to rod |26 at 23. Members |22 and |23 are quite similar to members |22 and |23 above described and will not be here described in detail.

The drivers steering control wheel 219 (Figure 11B) is secured to a control shaft (not shown) extending through steering post 28| (Figure 18) into housing 282. Housing 282 is rigidly supported upon a bracket 283 riveted or otherwise suitably secured to the forward end of the left-hand longitudinal frame member ||5 at 284. Housing 282 contains a conventional worm and reduction gear assembly for causing rotation of a stub shaft 285 which extends from housing 282 through a bearing support 286. Bearing support 286 is mounted upon a bracket 281 securely bolted to a transverse channel member 288 which in turn is rigidly secured at its inner end to chassis member ||5.

A depending link 289 (Figure 23) is non-rotatably secured upon shaft 285 and is maintained against axial movement thereon, by a suitable lock nut arrangement 29|. At its lower end link 289 is provided with a pair of vertically spaced apertures for receiving the Shanks of ball headed pins 292 and 293. The ball heads of pins 292 and 293 are disposed on opposite sides of link 289 and the shanks of `pins 292 and 293 are threaded whe-re they project beyond the opposite sides of link 298 to receive suitable lock nut assemblies 294 and 295, respectively. Pins 292 and 293 are rigidly and non-rotatably secured to link 289 by the above described design.

The ball head of pin 293 which extends toward the interior of the chassis fits cooperatively within a socket 296 at the forward end of steering link 291. Link 291 is pivotally connected by a ball and socket joint at 298 to an arm 299 rigidly interconnected with the king pin assembly 30| which carries a ground engaging wheel, 304 in Figure 11B, and is pivotally mounted upon one end of the front axle |21. King pin assembly 30| -is also provided with a rigid knuckle 392 to which is pivotally connected one end of a drag link 303. Drag link 303 extends transversely of the chassis to the other end of axle |21 where it is pivotally connected to a second knuckle (not shown) upon a king pin assembly similar to that at 30|.

When the steering control wheel 219 is rotated in a clockwise direction in Figure l1 to cause rotation of stub shaft 285, link 289 is rocked and acts through link 291, arm 299, king pin assembly 30|, knuckle 392, drag link 393 and the steering knuckle and king pin assembly at the opposite side of axle |21 to cause turning of the front wheels 304 and 395 (Figure l1) in a clockwise direction.

The ball head of pin 292 which extends toward the exterior of the body fits within a socket 306 at the forward end of a link 361 which has a similar socket 388 at its rear end fitting over the ball head of pin 309 non-rotatably secured adjacent the lower end of depending link 3! Link 3|| (see Figures 19 and 20) is non-rotatably secured upon one end of a steering cross shaft 3|2 and held against axial movement thereon by a suitable lock nut assembly 3|3 which is disposed on the outer threaded end of shaft 3 2.

An intermediate longitudinal channel-shaped chassis member 3|4 extends between the forwardmost transverse chassis member H1 and the forward-most body base frame transverse member |39. A pair of aligned depending bearing brackets 3|5 and 3|6 are rigidly secured to members 3|4 and ||5, respectively, as by welding or the like. Brackets 3|5 and 3|6 are provided with suitable roller bearing assemblies 3i1 and 3I8, respectively, for rotatably supporting cross shaft 3|2 as shown in Figure 19.

At its inner end, shaft 3|2 is provided with a tapered portion 3| 9 upon which an upstanding arm 32| is non-rotatably secured as by a force fit. A downwardly extending arm 322 spaced by a washer 323 from arm 32| is non-rotatably secured as by a key and groove arrangement at 324 upon the reduced inner end 325 of shaft 3|2. A suitable lock nut assembly 326 maintains arm 322 against axial movement along shaft end 325.

Inwardly of member 3|4, member H1 has secured thereto one end of a support arm 321 whose other end is secured to the bottom end of a brake booster cylinder support bracket 328. The upper end of bracket 328 is suitably secured as by rivets, welding or the like to the lower end of base frame member |39. Two vertically spaced fluid pressure cylinders 329 and 33| are rigidly secured upon bracket 328, as by bolts 330 passing through flanges 332 and 333. A piston rod 34 extends from a suitable crosshead 335 at lower cylinder 33| into pivotal engagement with arm 322 at 335. A second piston rod 331 extends rearwardly from a suitable crosshead 338 at upper cylinder 329 into pivotal engagement with arm 32| at 339,

Above pivot 339, arm 32| is provided with a ball headed stud 34| secured non-rotatably thereto by a lock nut 342. The ball head of stud 34| fits within a socket 343 upon the forward end of a longitudinally extending steering rod section 344 which extends toward the steering mechanism at the rear axle |28 and is disposed sub extending through portion 345 and link 341, has

mounted thereupon a pair of rollers 352 whose peripheries engage and move along the inner surface of guideway 345.

Pivots 348 and 35| are disposed normally to each other to provide a universal joint in the steering rod within guideway 345 and the steering rod is supported upon rollers 352 within guideway 345 so that it is slidably guided at all times.

Steering rod 349 is bent upwardly at 353 to clear axle |21 and passes through suitable apertures in body members |39 and |43 as it extends along the body sections. In order to allow passage of rod 349 the chassis pivot rod |26 is divided into two aligned sections (Figure 17) interconnected rigidly by a substantially U-shaped element 354 which depends a substantial distance below the axis of rod |26. Rod 349 is provided with a suitable universal joint portion 355 which is disposed between rod sections |25 and whose horizontal axis coincides with the chassis pivot axis. Rod 349 extends along the rear chassis section and is supported adjacent its rear end Within a tubular guideway 356 similar to guideway 345 and secured between the body frame base members |43. Within guideway 356, rod 349 is pivotally connected at 360 to one end of a link 351 whose other end is connected to a pivot 358 having rollers 359 for engaging the inner surface of guideway 356.

A third steering rod section 36| extends rearwardly from its pivot at 358 and terminates in a socket 362 within which fits a ball 363 secured to one end of an arm 364 non-rotatably mounted upon a vertical pivot pin 365. Pin 365 is journaled in suitable roller bearings 366 disposed within a bracket 361 which is rigidly supported upon an intermediate longitudinal chassis member 368. A second arm 369, extending normally to arm 364, is non-rotatably secured to the lower end of pin 365 and is provided at its outer end with a downwardly extending ball headed projection 31|. The ball head of projection 31| fits within a socket 312 at one end of a transverse link 313 whose other end is provided with a socket 314 tting over a ball headed projection 315 extending upwardly from an arm 315. Arm 316 is provided with a split collar portion by which it is non-rotatably clamped to the drag link 311 of the rear axle |28 by means of bolts 318 or the like. Drag link 311 is pivotally connected at opposite ends to steering knuckles 319 which in turn are secured to king pin assemblies 38| by which rear wheels 382 and 383 are rotatably connected with axle |28.

When steering control wheel 219 is turned in a clockwise direction, as described above in reciting the steering operation of the front wheels, rocking link 289 acts through link 301, link 3| I, rock shaft 3|2, arm 32|, steering rod sections 344, 349 and 36|, arm 364, pivot pin 365, arm 369, link 313, arm 316, drag link 311, knuckles 319 and king pin assemblies 38| to turn rear wheels 382 and 383 in a counter-clockwise direction opposite to the direction of turning of front wheels 304 and 305. The geometry of this steering arrangement will be discussed later with reference to Figure 36. The long sectional steering rod is universally jointed at 355 in the chassis pivot axis to prevent undue elongation of the steering rod due to flexing of the chassis about the pivot axis.

The steering booster arrangement above de scribed is auxiliary only to the manual control at 219 so that the operator would have full con- 

